Origin:
The technique of soil nailing began in the 1970’s.
It refers to the New Austrian Tunneling Method (NATM), which is a system about underground excavations in rock.
It has been successful utilized worldwide for excavation support and slope stabilization, and its using grows rapidly.
Introduction：
Most of the time, these anchors are created using bars inserted in a bore hole and held in place using grouting or a mechanical anchor. Their purpose is to improve the resistance of the ground.
Rock:rock bolts
Rock bolts are 15 to 32 diameter bars, inserted in 30 to 60 mm bore holes. They are generally between 3 and 6 meters long.
They may be bonded along their entire length by cement grouting or anchored at various points at the base of the hole using chemical resin or a mechanical anchorage.
Rock bolts transfer load from the unstable exterior, to the confined (and much stronger) interior of the rock mass.
New Austrian Tunneling engineering and underground mining apply this anchor largely.
Applications:
In mines
The bolts reinforce the roof of the cavity to recreate a beam effect with the natural earth.
In tunnels
The bolts reinforce the natural earth on the roof to create an arched effect.
Soft ground:soil nails
Applying the principles of systematic rock anchoring to soil seems to be obvious, but the requirements for soil nailing are higher.
Soil nails are 20 to 50 mm diameter bars, inserted in 70 to 150 mm bore holes. They are generally over 6 meters long and may be as much as 30 meters.
Applications:
- Stabilization of excavations
- Embankment stabilization
- Stabilization and renovation of land slips
- Road construction
- Renovation of retaining walls, tunnels
Solid Bar and Hollow Bar
These two techniques above insert the reinforcing element (reinforced concrete) into the soil/rock mass. Both solid and hollow bars are available.
Solid bars are usually installed into the pre-drilled holes and then grouted into place using a separate grout line, whereas hollow bars may be drilled and grouted simultaneously by the use of a sacrificial drill bit and by pumping grout down the hollow bar as drilling progresses.
Applying for underground applications in unconsolidated soil/rock conditions, hollow bar is typically effective.
Furthermore, since the labor cost is higher and higher, hollow bar soil nails/rock bolts seem to be more economical.
Installation of Soil Nail
- Inserting Bar
- Spraying Shotcrete
- Applying Plate
- Spraying Shotcrete
Requirements:
Installation of a soil nail
For the site
Stable, self-supporting soil at the excavation face: by applying reinforced shotcrete.
Strong working space for placing drill rigs: by excavating in stages properly.
For the Soil Nail System
High tensile and shear strength
High ductility
High bond strength
Installation of a rock bolt
For the drilling equipment
Choose the appropriate drill rig according to the scale of works, work environments, ground conditions, size of self-drilling anchor and depth of drilling.
In some limited headroom and the rock bolt is smaller sizes like R25 (or R32 with short lengths), handheld equipment is also workable.
Drilling, flushing, grouting and post grouting
Components:
Load bearing or functional elements
Hollow core anchor rods
Extension couplings
Hexagonal nuts/hex nuts
Plates (Domed or flat bearing plates)
Operational elements
Drill bits
Spacer/centralizer
About Onton All Threaded Hollow Bar
OntonBolt manufactures hollow anchor rods in all configurations from 1/2″ to 3″ diameter.
We offer self-drilling anchors and soil nails and micropiles which are same as DYWIDAG Drill Hollow bars. The thread profile is Standard ISO rope thread (R25 – R51). The main markets include India, Turkey, Australia and America.
Additionally, we can provide assemblies with sleeves or coupling nuts.
OntonBolt also manufactures Trapezoidal Threaded (T30 – T76) Hollow Bars to be an alternative to Ischebeck Titan anchor bolts. They are mainly exported to Russia, Europe and America.
We can work to all specifications and can provide hot dip galvanized drill rods.
We can manufacture items specific to customer’s requirements. We continually update and improve our products to meet the changing demands of customers and the industry.
The introduction below is about Soil Nailing work, explaining the usage of the nail, where it can be used, the nailing dig required and guidelines for installation of hollow bar anchors. In fact, soil nailing works are different in each other. It depends on the engineer designs. Thus the following introduction of soil nailing is for guidance only.
